Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
UDK 635.655 Соя. Glycine hispida Max.
UDK 338.439.4 Производство продуктов питания
The article considers the current state and prospects for the development of soybean breeding and seed production in the modern economic conditions of the Russian Federation. In accord-ance with the Doctrine of Food Security, the share of seeds of domestic selection for agricultural crops should not be lower than 75 %. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, soy-beans belong to agricultural crops with a share of seeds of foreign selection from 40 to 50 %. The main objective of the development of breeding and seed production in the Russian Federa-tion is to reduce the share of imported seeds by using various methods of influence from the state in this segment and increase the number of seeds of domestic selection. The purpose of the study was to analyze the state of domestic soybean breeding and seed production in the modern economic conditions of the Russian Federation to identify current organizational and economic problems in this segment. Research results. It has been established that there are certain organi-zational and economic problems in the soybean breeding and seed production industry, such as low crop yield (the increase in yield since 2010 is no more than 0.57 t/ha), a low level of provi-sion of domestic producers with seeds of domestic selection, an increase in the share of foreign seed material in the structure of acreage over the past 5 years on 24 % – from 17.6 % in 2016 to 41.6 % in 2020. These problems need to be solved, and the effectiveness of these solutions can be ensured with direct state participation and strengthening the importance of domestic breeding and seed production through the implementation of programs aimed at improving the system of state variety testing and registration actions, obtaining competitive soybean varieties on the do-mestic market, the introduction of innovative technologies for seed crops, methods of creating scientific and educational centers for the purpose of training highly qualified personnel in the field of breeding and seed production for the agricultural sector of the economy. The field of practical application of the results of the study is the possibility of using part of the conclusions for further in-depth study of the prospects of soybean cultivation in Russia in order to solve the tasks set by the Government of the Russian Federation in the Doctrine of Food Security.
seed production, soybeans, domestic breeding, import substitution, food security doctrine, agri-culture
Статья ретрагирована.
1. Belyshkina, M.E. Rost i razvitie sortov soi severnogo ekotipa v zavisimosti ot vliyaniya limitiruyuschih faktorov vegetacionnogo perioda / M.E. Belyshkina, T.P. Kobozeva, E.V. Gureeva // Agrarnyy nauchnyy zhurnal. - 2020. - № 9. - S. 4-9.
2. Gulyaeva, T.I. Ekonomika Rossiyskoy selekcii i semenovodstva: sovremennoe sostoyanie i puti raz-vitiya / T.I. Gulyaeva, V.I. Savkin, E.V. Buraeva // Uchenye zapiski Krymskogo federal'nogo universiteta imeni V.I. Vernadskogo. Ekonomika i upravlenie. - 2018. - T. 4(70). - № 4. - S. 56.
3. Stimulirovanie razvitiya selekcii i semenovodstva sel'skohozyaystvennyh kul'tur: otechestvennyy i zarubezhnyy opyt: analiticheskiy obzor / A.P. Korol'kova, V.N. Kuz'min, T.E. Marinchenko, A.V. Goryacheva // Moskva: FGBNU «Rosinformagroteh», 2020. - 124 s.
4. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 21 iyulya 2016 g. № 350 «O merah po realizacii gosudarstvennoy nauchno-tehnicheskoy politiki v interesah razvitiya sel'skogo hozyaystva» [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://base.garant.ru/71450102/#friends
5. Rasporyazhenie Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federacii ot 8 sentyabrya 2022 g. № 2567-r «Ob utverzhde-nii Strategii razvitiya agropromyshlennogo i rybohozyaystvennogo kompleksov Rossiyskoy Federacii na period do 2030 goda».
6. Klychova, G.S. Perspektivy razvitiya rynka soi i ego znachimost' dlya Rossiyskoy ekonomiki / G.S. Klychova, A.P. Cypin, A.R. Valiev // Vestnik Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. - 2021. - T. 16. - № 3(63). - S. 128-134.
7. Levkina, O.V. Teoretiko-metodologicheskie podhody k ocenke effektivnosti proizvodstva soi / O.V. Levkina // Vestnik Belorusskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy akademii. - 2021. - № 4. - S. 6.
8. Lukomec, A.V. Ekonomika proizvodstva i razvitie rynka soi v Rossii / A.V. Lukomec // Fundamen-tal'nye i prikladnye issledovaniya kooperativnogo sektora ekonomiki. - 2021. - № 4. - S. 106-113.
9. Zaycev, N.I. Perspektivy i napravleniya selekcii soi v Rossii v usloviyah realizacii nacional'noy strategii importozamescheniya / N.I. Zaycev, S.V. Bochkarev, S.V. Zelencov // Maslichnye kul'tury. Nauchno-tehnicheskiy byulleten' Vserossiyskogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo instituta maslichnyh kul'tur. - 2016. - № 2 (166). - S. 3-11.
10. Celevaya otraslevaya programma «Razvitie proizvodstva i pererabotki soi v Rossiyskoy Federacii na period 2014-2020 gg.». (Soya Rossii). - M.: Minsel'hoz Rossii, 2014. - 89 s.
11. Sel'skoe hozyaystvo v Rossii. 2019: Statisticheskiy sbornik / Rosstat. - M., 2019. - 91 s.
12. Sinegovskaya, V.T. Rol' sorta v povyshenii effektivnosti proizvodstva soi v Amurskoy oblasti / V.T. Sinegovskaya, M.O. Sinegovskiy, N.E. Antonova // Vestnik rossiyskoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy nauki. - 2016. - № 5. - S. 28-30.
13. Belyshkina, M.E. Vliyanie norm vyseva i sposobov poseva na urozhaynost' i kachestvo semyan rannespelyh sortov i form soi severnogo ekotipa / M.E. Belyshkina, T.P. Kobozeva, V.A. Shevchenko, U.A. De-laev // Izvestiya Timiryazevskoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy akademii. - 2018. - № 4. - S. 182-190.
14. Zotikov, V.I. Otechestvennaya selekciya zernobobovyh i krupyanyh kul'tur / V.I. Zotikov // Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury. - 2020. - № 3 (35). - S. 12-19.
15. Ray, D.K. Climate variation explains a third of global crop yield variability / D.K. Ray, J.S. Gerber, G.K. Macdonald, P.C. West // Nature Communications. - 2015. - Vol. 6. - Rr. 6989.
16. Sita, K. Food legumes and rising temperatures: effects, adaptive functional mechanisms specific to repro-ductive growth stage and strategies to improve heat tolerance / K. Sita, A. Sehgal, N. Nayyar, V. Hanuman-tharao, R.M. Nair, P.V. Vara Prasad, S. Kumar, P.M. Gaur, R.K. Varshney, M. Farooq, K.H.M. Siddique // Fron-tiers in Plant Science. - 2017. - Vol. 8. - № Mar. - Rr. 1658.
17. Elektronnyy resurs: http://www.fao.org/faostat.
18. Edinaya mezhvedomstvennaya informacionno-statisticheskaya sistema (EMISS) (Elektronnyy resurs). - Rezhim dostupa: http:// www.fedstat.ru/
19. Belyshkina, M.E. Soya v Central'nom Nechernozem'e / M.E. Belyshkina // M.: RGAU-MSHA imeni K.A. Timiryazeva. - 2012. - 130 s.
20. Zubareva, K.Yu. Soya v Rossii / K.Yu. Zubareva // Vestnik sel'skogo razvitiya i social'noy politiki. - 2020. - № 4 (28). - S. 23-25.
21. Rasulova, V.A. Analiz sovremennogo sostoyaniya proizvodstva soi v Rossii / V.A. Rasulova, A.F. Mel'nik // Vestnik sel'skogo razvitiya i social'noy politiki. - 2020. - № 3 (27). - S. 6-8.
22. Goncharov, V.D. Reshenie problemy kormovogo belka v zhivotnovodstve / V.D. Goncharov, V.V. Rau // Ekonomika, trud, upravlenie v sel'skom hozyaystve. - 2019. - № 1 (46). - S. 64-69.
23. Krivoshlykov, K.M. Analiz sostoyaniya i razvitiya proizvodstva soi v mire i Rossii / K.M. Krivoshlykov, E.Yu. Roschina, S.A. Kozlova // Maslichnye kul'tury. Nauchno-tehnicheskiy byulleten' Vserossiyskogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo instituta maslichnyh kul'tur. - 2016. - № 3 (167). - S. 64-69.
24. Ukaz Prezidenta Rossii ot 21.01.2020 № 20 «Ob utverzhdenii Doktriny prodovol'stvennoy bez-opasnosti Rossiyskoy Federacii» [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ ipo/prime/doc/73338425/?ysclid=l9zp6kvcs0600858810 (data obrascheniya: 02.11.2022)
25. Rynok soi v 2022 godu: tendencii i prognozy. Analiticheskie stat'i. [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: https://ab-centre.ru/news/rynok-soi-v-2022-godu-tendencii-i-prognozy?ysclid=l9zq1ojm4h602246590 (Data obrascheniya: 02.11.2022).
26. Federal'noe gosudarstvennoe uchrezhdenie «Rossiyskiy sel'skohozyaystvennyy centr» (FGBU «Ros-sel'hozcentr»). Informacionnyy listok Rossel'hozcentra № 2/2022 g. Ish. № 1-8/202 ot 01.02.2022 g. [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: https://rosselhoscenter.ru/files/users/42/Moskva/inf_ list/2022/%D0%98% D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA__2_b4243.pdf?ysclid=l9zpi8tv8s951182493 (Data obrascheniya 02.11.2022).
27. Gosudarstvennyy reestr selekcionnyh dostizheniy, dopuschennyh k ispol'zovaniyu [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: https://gossortrf.ru/gosreestr/?ysclid=l9zrob3wuk260495129 (Data obrascheniya 02.11.2022).
28. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federacii ot 25 avgusta 2017 g. № 996 «Ob utverzhdenii Federal'noy nauchno-tehnicheskoy programmy razvitiya sel'skogo hozyaystva na 2017-2025 gody» [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ ipo/prime/doc/71655402/? ysclid=l9zrwm 4uux670073966 (Data obrascheniya 02.11.2022).
29. Koncepciya strategicheskogo razvitiya semenovodstva v Rossiyskoy Federacii / Yu.F. Lachuga, Yu.V. Plugatar', N.M. Makrushin, A.M. Mal'ko i dr. / Nacional'nyy nauchnyy centr RAN» (protokol № 6 ot 31 maya 2018 g.) - Simferopol', 2018. [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://nbgnsc.ru/sites/default/ files/images/fails/koncepciya_ razvitiya_semenovodstva_2018.pdf?ysclid=l9zs3irzl7489490453 (Data obrascheniya 02.11.2022).
